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International audience ; The study of networks from the viewpoint of a geographer does not mean studying geographical networks as technical infrastructures, especially when one is interested in geopolitical phenomena. It means that the relational nature of a given spatial phenomenon seems to demand a specific approach, that is, a network one, and that formalization via a graph (a set of nodes, a set of links between these nodes, and some attributes) allows discovering unrevealed aspects of a sociospatial fact. The study of networks often means adopting an interdisciplinary posture, applying tools and methods developed in other academic fields, and conducting solid conceptual analysis. For instance, whereas distance and centrality are useful concepts in both geography and social network analysis, their definition and implications for research remain quite different and need to be adapted from one academic field to another to remain efficient and relevant. This chapter presents results on the political regionalization process on a world scale, a process understood as the reinforcement of supranational structures based on geographical proximity. I presume that political actors, and especially state representatives in intergovernmental organizations, are constrained to work more and more often supranationally because of the globalization process, a process that can be understood neither solely nor primarily as an economic or financial phenomenon but rather as an increase in global issues demanding global responses and a gover-nance shift (e.g., global warming, migrations, and energy). Although much has been published on economic regionalization since the 1990s (e.g., Mansfield & Milner, 1999), the political aspects have been quite neglected, and when they are studied, especially in international relations, the approach is mainly qualitative and purely conceptual (Barnett & Duvall, 2005; Diehl, 2005). The approach investigated in this chapter is taken from the behavioral school of international relations: If political regionalization is occurring, it should be possible to measure it, produce indicators

International audience ; The study of networks from the viewpoint of a geographer does not mean studying geographical networks as technical infrastructures, especially when one is interested in geopolitical phenomena. It means that the relational nature of a given spatial phenomenon seems to demand a specific approach, that is, a network one, and that formalization via a graph (a set of nodes, a set of links between these nodes, and some attributes) allows discovering unrevealed aspects of a sociospatial fact. The study of networks often means adopting an interdisciplinary posture, applying tools and methods developed in other academic fields, and conducting solid conceptual analysis. For instance, whereas distance and centrality are useful concepts in both geography and social network analysis, their definition and implications for research remain quite different and need to be adapted from one academic field to another to remain efficient and relevant. This chapter presents results on the political regionalization process on a world scale, a process understood as the reinforcement of supranational structures based on geographical proximity. I presume that political actors, and especially state representatives in intergovernmental organizations, are constrained to work more and more often supranationally because of the globalization process, a process that can be understood neither solely nor primarily as an economic or financial phenomenon but rather as an increase in global issues demanding global responses and a gover-nance shift (e.g., global warming, migrations, and energy). Although much has been published on economic regionalization since the 1990s (e.g., Mansfield & Milner, 1999), the political aspects have been quite neglected, and when they are studied, especially in international relations, the approach is mainly qualitative and purely conceptual (Barnett & Duvall, 2005; Diehl, 2005). The approach investigated in this chapter is taken from the behavioral school of international relations: If political regionalization is occurring, it should be possible to measure it, produce indicators

International audience ; The study of networks from the viewpoint of a geographer does not mean studying geographical networks as technical infrastructures, especially when one is interested in geopolitical phenomena. It means that the relational nature of a given spatial phenomenon seems to demand a specific approach, that is, a network one, and that formalization via a graph (a set of nodes, a set of links between these nodes, and some attributes) allows discovering unrevealed aspects of a sociospatial fact. The study of networks often means adopting an interdisciplinary posture, applying tools and methods developed in other academic fields, and conducting solid conceptual analysis. For instance, whereas distance and centrality are useful concepts in both geography and social network analysis, their definition and implications for research remain quite different and need to be adapted from one academic field to another to remain efficient and relevant. This chapter presents results on the political regionalization process on a world scale, a process understood as the reinforcement of supranational structures based on geographical proximity. I presume that political actors, and especially state representatives in intergovernmental organizations, are constrained to work more and more often supranationally because of the globalization process, a process that can be understood neither solely nor primarily as an economic or financial phenomenon but rather as an increase in global issues demanding global responses and a gover-nance shift (e.g., global warming, migrations, and energy). Although much has been published on economic regionalization since the 1990s (e.g., Mansfield & Milner, 1999), the political aspects have been quite neglected, and when they are studied, especially in international relations, the approach is mainly qualitative and purely conceptual (Barnett & Duvall, 2005; Diehl, 2005). The approach investigated in this chapter is taken from the behavioral school of international relations: If ...

International audience ; Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) became a major actor in Intergovernmental Organizations in the last decades, especially in the United Nations system. Based on empirical treatments regarding NGOs presence at the United Nations Human Rights Council, this communication provides a quantitative and geographical approach of these actors –an organisational typology is also tested, enabling to differentiate centralized vs. umbrella NGOs. Its main results show a strong hierarchy amongst NGOs: if the main Occidental NGOs are able to play a continuous role, this is not the case for others. Distance between NGOs and the Human Rights Council, and its related cost, partially explains this hierarchy. Finally, NGOs driven by governments disrupt the institution's normative ambitions. ; Les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) sont devenues une catégorie d'acteurs importante au sein des organisations intergouvernementales. À partir de traitements empiriques réalisés sur les ONG au Conseil des droits de l'homme des Nations unies, cette communication explore une lecture quantitative et spatialisée du rôle de ces acteurs dont une typologie organisationnelle est proposée. Les principaux résultats montrent une forte hiérarchie des ONG : si les principales ONG occidentales parviennent à jouer un rôle constant au sein du Conseil des droits de l'homme, ce n'est guère le cas pour les autres ONG dont la participation reste épisodique. La distance entre ONG et Conseil des droits de l'homme, et le coût associé, explique en partie cette hiérarchie. Enfin, les ONG pilotées par certains gouvernements perturbent les objectifs normatifs de l'institution.

International audience ; Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) became a major actor in Intergovernmental Organizations in the last decades, especially in the United Nations system. Based on empirical treatments regarding NGOs presence at the United Nations Human Rights Council, this communication provides a quantitative and geographical approach of these actors –an organisational typology is also tested, enabling to differentiate centralized vs. umbrella NGOs. Its main results show a strong hierarchy amongst NGOs: if the main Occidental NGOs are able to play a continuous role, this is not the case for others. Distance between NGOs and the Human Rights Council, and its related cost, partially explains this hierarchy. Finally, NGOs driven by governments disrupt the institution's normative ambitions. ; Les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) sont devenues une catégorie d'acteurs importante au sein des organisations intergouvernementales. À partir de traitements empiriques réalisés sur les ONG au Conseil des droits de l'homme des Nations unies, cette communication explore une lecture quantitative et spatialisée du rôle de ces acteurs dont une typologie organisationnelle est proposée. Les principaux résultats montrent une forte hiérarchie des ONG : si les principales ONG occidentales parviennent à jouer un rôle constant au sein du Conseil des droits de l'homme, ce n'est guère le cas pour les autres ONG dont la participation reste épisodique. La distance entre ONG et Conseil des droits de l'homme, et le coût associé, explique en partie cette hiérarchie. Enfin, les ONG pilotées par certains gouvernements perturbent les objectifs normatifs de l'institution.

International audience ; Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) became a major actor in Intergovernmental Organizations in the last decades, especially in the United Nations system. Based on empirical treatments regarding NGOs presence at the United Nations Human Rights Council, this communication provides a quantitative and geographical approach of these actors –an organisational typology is also tested, enabling to differentiate centralized vs. umbrella NGOs. Its main results show a strong hierarchy amongst NGOs: if the main Occidental NGOs are able to play a continuous role, this is not the case for others. Distance between NGOs and the Human Rights Council, and its related cost, partially explains this hierarchy. Finally, NGOs driven by governments disrupt the institution's normative ambitions. ; Les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) sont devenues une catégorie d'acteurs importante au sein des organisations intergouvernementales. À partir de traitements empiriques réalisés sur les ONG au Conseil des droits de l'homme des Nations unies, cette communication explore une lecture quantitative et spatialisée du rôle de ces acteurs dont une typologie organisationnelle est proposée. Les principaux résultats montrent une forte hiérarchie des ONG : si les principales ONG occidentales parviennent à jouer un rôle constant au sein du Conseil des droits de l'homme, ce n'est guère le cas pour les autres ONG dont la participation reste épisodique. La distance entre ONG et Conseil des droits de l'homme, et le coût associé, explique en partie cette hiérarchie. Enfin, les ONG pilotées par certains gouvernements perturbent les objectifs normatifs de l'institution.

International audience ; Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) became a major actor in Intergovernmental Organizations in the last decades, especially in the United Nations system. Based on empirical treatments regarding NGOs presence at the United Nations Human Rights Council, this communication provides a quantitative and geographical approach of these actors –an organisational typology is also tested, enabling to differentiate centralized vs. umbrella NGOs. Its main results show a strong hierarchy amongst NGOs: if the main Occidental NGOs are able to play a continuous role, this is not the case for others. Distance between NGOs and the Human Rights Council, and its related cost, partially explains this hierarchy. Finally, NGOs driven by governments disrupt the institution's normative ambitions. ; Les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) sont devenues une catégorie d'acteurs importante au sein des organisations intergouvernementales. À partir de traitements empiriques réalisés sur les ONG au Conseil des droits de l'homme des Nations unies, cette communication explore une lecture quantitative et spatialisée du rôle de ces acteurs dont une typologie organisationnelle est proposée. Les principaux résultats montrent une forte hiérarchie des ONG : si les principales ONG occidentales parviennent à jouer un rôle constant au sein du Conseil des droits de l'homme, ce n'est guère le cas pour les autres ONG dont la participation reste épisodique. La distance entre ONG et Conseil des droits de l'homme, et le coût associé, explique en partie cette hiérarchie. Enfin, les ONG pilotées par certains gouvernements perturbent les objectifs normatifs de l'institution.

National audience ; Cette communication vise à étudier de manière quantitative, relationnelle et spatialisée le fonctionnement des Organisations intergouvernementales (OIG). Le postulat fondant ce projet est que ces OIG constituent des systèmes, voire pour les plus grandes (ONU, Banque mondiale) des systèmes de systèmes, où les stratégies des acteurs impliqués sont en partie déterminées par les stratégies des autres acteurs. Une première partie présente l'OIG étudiée ici (le Conseil des droits de l'homme de l'ONU), les acteurs impliqués et conceptualise la nature des relations entre ces acteurs. La seconde partie présente les opérations permettant le passage des données brutes aux réseaux susceptibles d'être analysés. Enfin, la troisièmepartie présente différents résultats exploratoires relatifs à l'une des tâches majeures que s'est fixé le CDH : l'Examen périodique universel.

National audience ; Cette communication vise à étudier de manière quantitative, relationnelle et spatialisée le fonctionnement des Organisations intergouvernementales (OIG). Le postulat fondant ce projet est que ces OIG constituent des systèmes, voire pour les plus grandes (ONU, Banque mondiale) des systèmes de systèmes, où les stratégies des acteurs impliqués sont en partie déterminées par les stratégies des autres acteurs. Une première partie présente l'OIG étudiée ici (le Conseil des droits de l'homme de l'ONU), les acteurs impliqués et conceptualise la nature des relations entre ces acteurs. La seconde partie présente les opérations permettant le passage des données brutes aux réseaux susceptibles d'être analysés. Enfin, la troisièmepartie présente différents résultats exploratoires relatifs à l'une des tâches majeures que s'est fixé le CDH : l'Examen périodique universel.

International audience ; If geographers have been for a long time interested in politics launched by Intergovernmental Organizations (IGO), and are more and more examining the geographical dimensions of their speeches, the study of their actual operation remains rare. Yet these organizations appear as privileged areas for the observation of contemporary dynamics related to the globalization process. Three approaches seem particularly fruitful: the study of relationships between actors involved in decision-making; regionalization phenomena revealed by the behavior of actors; the dynamics of the topics covered by these organizations. This presentation pleads for a quantitative and geographical study of IGOs partially based on network analysis. The first part briefly reviews the functioning of the Human Rights Council (HRC), its objectives, and presents the available data. The second part focuses on sponsorship process. A third part deals with configurations of relations between States and between States and non governmental organizations (NGOs). The conclusion suggests other possible leads and seeks to generalize the approach proposed to other intergovernmental organizations.

International audience ; If geographers have been for a long time interested in politics launched by Intergovernmental Organizations (IGO), and are more and more examining the geographical dimensions of their speeches, the study of their actual operation remains rare. Yet these organizations appear as privileged areas for the observation of contemporary dynamics related to the globalization process. Three approaches seem particularly fruitful: the study of relationships between actors involved in decision-making; regionalization phenomena revealed by the behavior of actors; the dynamics of the topics covered by these organizations. This presentation pleads for a quantitative and geographical study of IGOs partially based on network analysis. The first part briefly reviews the functioning of the Human Rights Council (HRC), its objectives, and presents the available data. The second part focuses on sponsorship process. A third part deals with configurations of relations between States and between States and non governmental organizations (NGOs). The conclusion suggests other possible leads and seeks to generalize the approach proposed to other intergovernmental organizations.